Summary

• Fundamental Forces

  • Gravity, Electromagnetic, Strong, Weak

• Fundamental Particles

  • Fermions: Quarks, Leptons
  • Bosons: Force Carriers like the photon, gluon

• Electrons are leptons; Neutrons, Protons are made of quarks

• Forces transmitted by exchange of quanta of the force carriers

• The “Standard Model” is the present unified theoryof all forces except gravity

• Attempts to make the “Theory of Everything” lead to strange “strings” far beyond the reach of current experiments

• Future??

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