Request for Approval

Description

The request for approval (RFA) is the very first step in successfully completing a senior design project. Before submitting your RFA, you must post your project idea to the Web Board using the "Idea" post type. Once your idea has been fleshed out through the Web Board, you can move on request for approval through PACE under the My Project page. Once submitted, your project will be cloned to the Web Board as "Project Request" post. You can edit the project on the My Project page, add your teammates and see comments from the instructors. The course staff may provide feedback on your idea (which will appear at the bottom of your project's page), or suggest changes in the scope of the project and ask you to re-submit an RFA. Based on your incorporation of feedback your project will be approved or rejected. If it is rejected, the My Project page will revert back to it's original format and your project will disappear.

Once the course staff has approved the project idea, you will receive instructions on how to submit your project through PACE, at which time you will be assigned a project number in the Projects list, a TA, and a locker in the lab. Once your project is approved, please go to the Projects page, log into the PACE system, and make sure all of the information is correct.

Video Lecture

Video, Slides

Requirements and Grading

The RFA is graded credit/no credit based on whether your project is approved before the deadline. Note that submitting an RFA before the deadline does not guarantee approval before the deadline. The RFA is submitted through PACE under the My Project page, and should be Markdown-formatted with the following information:

# Title

Team Members:
- Student 1 (netid)
- Student 2 (netid)
- Student 3 (netid)

# Problem

Describe the problem you want to solve and motivate the need.

# Solution

Describe your design at a high-level, how it solves the problem, and introduce the subsystems of your project.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1

Explain what the subsystem does.  Explicitly list what sensors/components you will use in this subsystem.  Include part numbers.

## Subsystem 2

## ...

# Criterion For Success

Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective.  These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective.

Projects must be legal and ethical. They must have significant scope and complexity commensurate with the size of the team. This is, of course, a subjective assessment of the course staff. To gain some insight into this judgment, please browse projects from previous semesters. The project must involve the design of a significant hardware component at the circuit level. In exceptional cases, projects not meeting this criteria may be acceptable when augmented by a Special Circuit assignment (however this is typically a last resort).

Beyond these basic requirements, you have total discretion in proposing a project. This is a great opportunity for you to pursue your own interests. Since you choose your own projects, we expect a high level of enthusiasm from you and your team.

Submission and Deadlines

The RFA submission deadline may be found on the Course Calendar. Typically, approval of the RFA is due during the afternoon of the third Thursday of the semester.

Quick Tips and Helpful Hints

Posting:

Post early and you will receive more time and attention from the course staff.
Come up with a descriptive name for your project. The following terms are, essentially, banned from project titles, as they tend to be overused and not convey useful information:
- Cloud
- Internet of Things
- Smart
Give as much detail as you can in the post. It will be easier for the course staff to understand what you are going for and it will be easier for you to develop an acceptable project.
Be ready to work with the course staff to refine your idea. The feedback you receive is not necessarily meant to discourage you from pursuing a specific idea (sometimes it is, and we will be clear about this). Rather, it is meant to help you refine and improve that idea, as well as ensure that you have considered potential pitfalls that might arise over the course of the semester.

Choosing a project:

Choose something that you are interested in. It’s easier to work on a project when you care about it.
If your idea doesn’t get approved, either try again by revising your idea or find a group who has an opening to do something you’re interested in, for example, build the power backbone for an automated irrigation system. Note, if you revise your idea and are still met with resistance from the course staff, move on to a new idea rather than try a third time.

Choosing partners:

Make sure to choose team members that have skills needed to successfully complete the project. Of course, you are welcomed and encouraged to use this course to learn new skills, but - for example - if nobody on your team has taken a course in power systems, it is unlikely that you would be successful in completing a project centered around a novel highly-efficient battery system. Some areas that tend to require prior coursework include:
- Control Systems
- DSP
- Machine Learning
- Power
- RF ( > 10 MHz )
Consider both technical skills and "soft" skills in choosing your teammates.
Choose people you can envision spending a lot of time with in the lab.
Working with friends can have pitfalls:
- Friends (especially those you have taken a lot of courses with) tend to have similar skill sets, meaning your team might have glaring gaps in knowledge.
- Working with friends can strain the friend dynamic.

Some general project ideas that are fraught with pitfalls:

Energy harvesting projects typically don't work out:
- If you are considering an energy harvesting project, make sure you aren’t stealing. Even if the energy is apparently free, someone may be paying for it.
- Do not propose to put turbines on water faucets or induction loops near power lines.
- Creating your own turbine blades or winding your own generators is usually a recipe for disaster.
- Sound/room light/vibrations are all forms of energy, but there is little of it and it is difficult to extract.
- If you choose to use a dynamo, make sure you have a strong understanding of dynamos, there design, use, and limitations.
- Do not attempt an energy harvesting project if you are a group lacking somebody who is experienced in power and energy.
- Charging batteries is somewhat terrifying: make sure you are familiar with the risks, dangers, and ECE 445 Course Procedures related to batteries. Any team undertaking a project with significant battery usage will be required to complete additional safety training and follow specific procedures and guidelines for safe battery usage.
Image, sound, and voice recognition are more difficult than they seem:
- Image processing and sound/voice recognition are not easy problems and actually forms the subject of many current Ph.D. dissertations. This is especially the case if real-time processing is required. That said, existing software packages do exist (e.g., OpenCV) which may make some common image/video/sound processing tasks "simple". However, realize that using these packages does not satisfy the design requirement of the course.
- Image processing can be extremely difficult for computers, which is why the captcha/recaptcha system exists. It can also be extremely processor intensive.
- Do not assume your project will be able to recognize text or patterns in front of arbitrary backgrounds.
- If you really want an image processing component to your project, consider the following tips:
  - Simplify the problem by making sure the camera view is controlled so the background is quasi-static.
  - Make the objects or sounds you will try to recognize distinctive. For example, rather than attempting to locate fingertips, make a glove with green LEDs on the fingertips and locate those. For audio project, think about recognizing distinctive sounds, such as whistles or clapping, rather than arbitrary sounds in a noisy environment.
  - Consider the optical system you will use. Understand the magnification and depth of focus of your system.

Featured Project

# Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike

Team Members:

- Will Chen hongyuc5

- Jiaming Xu jx30

- Eric Tang leweit2

# Problem

Bike Share and scooter share have become more popular all over the world these years. This mode of travel is gradually gaining recognition and support. Champaign also has a company that provides this service called Veo. Short-distance traveling with shared bikes between school buildings and bus stops is convenient. However, since they will be randomly parked around the entire city when we need to use them, we often need to look for where the bike is parked and walk to the bike's location. Some of the potential solutions are not ideal, for example: collecting and redistributing all of the bikes once in a while is going to be costly and inefficient; using enough bikes to saturate the region is also very cost inefficient.

# Solution

We think the best way to solve the above problem is to create a self-balancing and moving bike, which users can call bikes to self-drive to their location. To make this solution possible we first need to design a bike that can self-balance. After that, we will add a remote control feature to control the bike movement. Considering the possibilities for demonstration are complicated for a real bike, we will design a scaled-down mini bicycle to apply our self-balancing and remote control functions.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1: Self-balancing part

The self-balancing subsystem is the most important component of this project: it will use one reaction wheel with a Brushless DC motor to balance the bike based on reading from the accelerometer.

MPU-6050 Accelerometer gyroscope sensor: it will measure the velocity, acceleration, orientation, and displacement of the object it attaches to, and, with this information, we could implement the corresponding control algorithm on the reaction wheel to balance the bike.

Brushless DC motor: it will be used to rotate the reaction wheel. BLDC motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors.

Reaction wheel: we will design the reaction wheel by ourselves in Solidworks, and ask the ECE machine shop to help us machine the metal part.

Battery: it will be used to power the BLDC motor for the reaction wheel, the stepper motor for steering, and another BLDC motor for movement. We are considering using an 11.1 Volt LiPo battery.

Processor: we will use STM32F103C8T6 as the brain for this project to complete the application of control algorithms and the coordination between various subsystems.

## Subsystem 2: Bike movement, steering, and remote control

This subsystem will accomplish bike movement and steering with remote control.

Servo motor for movement: it will be used to rotate one of the wheels to achieve bike movement. Servo motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors.

Stepper motor for steering: in general, stepper motors have better precision and provide higher torque at low speeds than other motors, which makes them perfect for steering the handlebar.

ESP32 2.4GHz Dual-Core WiFi Bluetooth Processor: it has both WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity so it could be used for receiving messages from remote controllers such as Xbox controllers or mobile phones.

## Subsystem 3: Bike structure design

We plan to design the bike frame structure with Solidworks and have it printed out with a 3D printer. At least one of our team members has previous experience in Solidworks and 3D printing, and we have access to a 3D printer.

3D Printed parts: we plan to use PETG material to print all the bike structure parts. PETG is known to be stronger, more durable, and more heat resistant than PLA.

PCB: The PCB will contain several parts mentioned above such as ESP32, MPU6050, STM32, motor driver chips, and other electronic components

## Bonus Subsystem4: Collision check and obstacle avoidance

To detect the obstacles, we are considering using ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04

or cameras such as the OV7725 Camera function with stm32 with an obstacle detection algorithm. Based on the messages received from these sensors, the bicycle could turn left or right to avoid.

# Criterion For Success

The bike could be self-balanced.

The bike could recover from small external disturbances and maintain self-balancing.

The bike movement and steering could be remotely controlled by the user.

Project Videos

Video