Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
29 Automatic Drone Wireless Charging Station
 Jason Wuerffel
Pranshu Teckchandani
Samuel Fakunle
 Matthew Qi design_document1.pdf
design_document2.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
photo1.jpeg
photo2.jpeg
presentation1.pdf
proposal2.pdf
proposal1.pdf
video
# Title
**Automatic Drone Wireless Charging Station**

Team Members:
- Samuel Fakunle (sof2)
- Pranshu Teckchandani (pat4)
- Jason Wuerffel (jasonmw2)

# Problem

Drone technology is becoming more vital for our modern society because it improves productivity and precision for several applications. Despite this, the operation time continues to be a key technological challenge because of the drone’s battery life limitations. As a result, our project aims to address this issue by implementing an automated drone charging system that extends the drone’s flight time without human intervention.

# Solution

Our group aims to use resonant inductive coupling to develop a wireless drone charging station that allows the drone to land and charge its battery within an acceptable distance from the transmitter. In addition, our implementation should allow for efficient charging anywhere or in multiple locations on the charging pad, indicate when sufficient charging has been completed, and should start power transfer only when the drone lands on the pad. We may also add an optional feature where the drone can track back to the pad when low on battery but it is an additional feature we will implement only if time permits.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1: DC-AC Converter to Transmission Coil

This inverter is responsible for converting DC power to AC power for the activated transmitting coil

- Circuit consisting of resistors, capacitors, inductors, switches, etc.
- Could use renewable power supply or power bank (undecided)


## Subsystem 2: Transmitting and Receiving Coil for Charging

This subsystem focuses on the coils used in order for contact to be made between the drone and charging station.

- Both coils made of metal (likely aluminum or copper)
- Transmitting coil keeps the drone an adequate distance above the ground and is constrained by the size of the drone
- Receiving coil attached to drone acts as secondary part of transformer
- Charging pad made up of several transmitting coils to allow for no need for precise landing
- Microcontroller will be used to determine the optimal transmitting coil from the transmitting coil array on the charging pad in order to achieve maximum efficiency. This would be done by calculating each coil’s input impedance, and then activating the coil that results in the highest input impedance. The microcontroller will indicate when charging is complete using an LED indicator
- If time permits, we could develop an app that shows charging progress of the drone

Microcontroller: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/espressif-systems/ESP32-DEVKITC-VIE/12091811?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_Low%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_id=go_cmp-20243063506_adg-_ad-__dev-c_ext-_prd-12091811_sig-CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2Nvf7wYlrJvAtHab7cw0ecC0E7rdqjRA_Iy8-0jjQLlCNVKipQhMVRoCslsQAvD_BwE&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2Nvf7wYlrJvAtHab7cw0ecC0E7rdqjRA_Iy8-0jjQLlCNVKipQhMVRoCslsQAvD_BwE


## Subsystem 3: AC-DC Converter

This subsystem includes a full bridge rectifying circuit with a low pass filter. Converts AC power from the receiving coil to DC power for the voltage regulator

- Circuit consists of resistors, diodes, capacitors, inductors, etc.

## Subsystem 4: Voltage regulator

This subsystem will be a voltage regulator responsible for supplying regulated DC power to the drone’s battery.

## OPTIONAL(IF TIME PERMITS) - Subsystem 5: Drone Control System

This subsystem includes the sensors that allow the drone to find its way back to the charging station.

- Proximity sensors for drone to know when it is close to charging station
- Low battery indicator
- Tracking tags and camera to detect the charging station

Proximity Sensor - https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/sharp-socle-technology/GP2Y0E02B/4103879?utm_adgroup=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PMax%20Shopping_Product_High%20ROAS%20Categories&utm_term=&utm_content=&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA8NKtBhBtEiwAq5aX2OJn1KocKkbImYp4gjIzr5wiMJSYczVw6uVYCuu517q7w6XyPQFocxoCQjMQAvD_BwE

# Criterion For Success - Base Project

1. Successful Conversion: Converter circuits are able to correctly convert DC to AC and vice versa.
2. Wireless Power Transfer: Charging pad is able to charge the drone efficiently without human intervention. We will have a lower bound for acceptable efficiency.
3. Battery Indicator : The charging pad indicates when the battery is completely charged.
4. Charging only in close proximity: Start charging only when the charging pad detects that the drone is in close proximity.

If do complete the above criteria in time, we will try to accomplish the following:

- (Optional) Navigational Success: Drone is able to navigate to the charging station and dock.

Habit-Forming Toothbrush Stand

John Kim, Quinn Palanca, Rahul Vasanth

Habit-Forming Toothbrush Stand

Featured Project

I spoke with a TA that approved this idea during office hours today, and they said I should submit it as a project proposal.

# Habit-Forming Toothbrush Stand

Team Members:

- Rahul Vasanth (rvasant2)

- Quinn Andrew Palanca (qpalanc2)

- John Jung-Yoon Kim (johnjk5)

# Problem

There are few habits as impactful as good dental hygiene. Brushing teeth in the morning and night can significantly improve health outcomes. Many struggle with forming and maintaining this habit. Parents might have a difficult time getting children to brush in the morning and before sleep while homeless shelter staff, rehab facility staff, and really, anyone looking to develop and track this habit may want a non-intrusive, privacy-preserving method to develop and maintain the practice of brushing their teeth in the morning. Keeping track of this information and but not storing it permanently through a mobile application is something that does not exist on the market. A small nudge is needed to keep kids, teenagers, and adults of all ages aware and mindful about their brushing habits. Additionally, many tend to zone out while brushing their teeth because they are half asleep and have no idea how long they are brushing.

# Solution

Our solution is catered toward electric toothbrushes. Unlike specific toothbrush brands that come with mobile applications, our solution applies to all electric toothbrushes, preserves privacy, and reduces screen time. We will implement a habit-forming toothbrush stand with a microcontroller, sensors, and a simple LED display that houses the electric toothbrush. A band of sensors will be wrapped around the base of the toothbrush. Lifting the toothbrush from the stand, turning it on, and starting to brush displays a timer that counts seconds up to ten minutes. This solves the problem of brushing too quickly or losing track of time and brushing for too long. Additionally, the display will provide a scorecard for brushing, with 14 values coming from (morning, night) x (6daysago, 5daysago, . . . , today) for a "record" of one week and 14 possible instances of brushing. This will augment the user's awareness of any new trends, and potentially help parents, their children, and other use cases outlined above. We specifically store just one week of data as the goal is habit formation and not permanent storage of potentially sensitive health information in the cloud.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1 - Sensor Band

The sensor band will contain a Bluetooth/Wireless Accelerometer and Gyroscope, or Accelerometer, IR sensor (to determine height lifted above sink), Bluetooth/Wireless connection to the microcontroller. This will allow us to determine if the electric toothbrush has been turned on. We will experiment with the overall angle, but knowing whether the toothbrush is parallel to the ground, or is lifted at a certain height above the sink will provide additional validation. These outputs need to be communicated wirelessly to the habit-forming toothbrush stand.

Possibilities: https://www.amazon.com/Accelerometer-Acceleration-Gyroscope-Electronic-Magnetometer/dp/B07GBRTB5K/ref=sr_1_12?keywords=wireless+accelerometer&qid=1643675559&sr=8-12 and individual sensors which we are exploring on Digikey and PCB Piezotronics as well.

## Subsystem 2 - Toothbrush Base/Stand and Display

The toothbrush stand will have a pressure sensor to determine when the toothbrush is lifted from the stand (alternatively, we may also add on an IR sensor), a microcontroller with Bluetooth capability, and a control unit to process sensor outputs as well as an LED display which will be set based on the current state. Additionally, the stand will need an internal clock to distinguish between morning and evening and mark states accordingly. The majority of sensors are powered by 3.3V - 5V. If we use a battery, we may include an additional button to power on the display (or just have it turn on when the pressure sensor / IR sensor output confirms the toothbrush has been lifted, or have the device plug into an outlet.

# Criterion For Success

1. When the user lifts the toothbrush from the stan and it begins to vibrate (signaling the toothbrush is on), the brushing timer begins and is displayed.

2. After at least two minutes have passed and the toothbrush is set back on the stand, the display correctly marks the current day and period (morning or evening).

3. Track record over current and previous days and the overall weekly record is accurately maintained. At the start of a new day, the record is shifted appropriately.

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