Project
| # | Title | Team Members | TA | Documents | Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32 | Smart Pulse Oximeter |
Faris Zulhazmi Jason Machaj Sidney Gresham |
Shengyan Liu | proposal1.pdf |
|
| # Smart Pulse Oximeter Team Members: - Jason Machaj (jmach5) - Faris Zulhazmi (farisaz2) - Sidney Gresham (sidneyg2) # Problem Describe the problem you want to solve and motivate the need. The problem at hand is the inaccuracy of pulse oximeters in individuals with darker skin tones due to the way these devices interpret oxygen saturation levels. Pulse oximeters function by emitting light through the skin and measuring how much is absorbed to determine oxygen levels in the blood. However, higher concentrations of melanin absorb more light, leading to less accurate readings and potential overestimation of oxygen saturation in individuals with darker skin tones. Addressing this problem is essential to improving equitable healthcare outcomes. A more inclusive and reliable pulse oximetry technology is needed—one that accounts for diverse skin tones and ensures accurate readings for all individuals. # Solution Describe your design at a high-level, how it solves the problem, and introduce the subsystems of your project. This project aims to develop an adaptive pulse oximeter that adjusts the number of wavelengths used based on the user's skin tone. Traditional pulse oximeters often produce inaccurate readings for individuals with darker skin tones due to increased melanin absorption, which interferes with light-based oxygen saturation measurements. Many modern devices attempt to address this by using multiple wavelengths, but this approach increases power consumption. Our solution integrates a camera and computer vision algorithms to determine skin tone and a wavelength-switching mechanism to optimize accuracy while conserving power. The device will also measure heart rate using the same optical components, making it a multifunctional health monitoring tool. All collected data will be displayed digitally for real-time user feedback. # Solution Components ## Subsystem 1: Pulse Oximeter Subsystem This subsystem will use infrared and red light to measure blood oxygen levels as well as heart rate. The way this works is that oxygenated blood will absorb more infrared light and pass through more red light. Deoxygenated blood does the opposite. Knowing this, we can capture and calculate the total blood oxygen level (SpO2) based on the ratio of red and infrared light passing through with a photodetector and a calibration algorithm. In order to properly measure the heart rate, the system will measure the photoplethysmography signal (PPG). When the photodetector records the light intensity, the blood volume increases as the heart beats, causing more light to be absorbed, reducing the signal. These wave-like pattern peaks correspond to the heartbeats and use the time difference between each successive peak to calculate the heart rate in BPM. We will use the respective emitter LEDs and photodiodes: - Red - Kingbright APT2012SECK - Infrared - Vishay TSAL6100 - Photodetector - Hamamatsu S1223 ## Subsystem 2: Color Recognition via Computer Vision Subsystem This subsystem will utilize the “300K PIXEL USB 2.0 MINI WEBCAM” in conjunction with a flashing light to image the skin tone of the user. Using these images, color recognition will be employed to determine whether multiple wavelengths of light would need to be used to provide higher blood oxygen level measurement accuracy depending on user skin tone. ## Subsystem 3: Digital Display Subsystem To display the contents of our measurements, data will be taken from the microcontroller and will be displayed on an external digital display. This will show the blood oxygen levels and heart rate to the user in real time. ## Subsystem 4: Power Supply Subsystem This system must be able to operate on a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. This subsystem will provide appropriate power to each other subsystem/component using this battery with DC-DC converters (buck/boost converters). Reasonable operation time must also be available from one charge of the li-ion battery. Power efficiency can be managed via the switching of the oximeter from one to two wavelengths depending on skin tone, leading to longer operation time on one charge and higher efficiency. # Criterion For Success Describe high-level goals that your project needs to achieve to be effective. These goals need to be clearly testable and not subjective. - Read blood oxygen within a 2% range. - Read heart rate within a 2% range. - Camera successfully captures and sends data to the microcontroller. - Ability to change wavelengths depending on skin tone. - Assistance via computer color recognition (to show success, try with and without to see difference in measurement) - Correctly display measured blood oxygen levels and heart rate. |
|||||