Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
1 Mobile Hive Checker
 Fiona Cashin
Olivia Guido
Rawda Abdeltawab
 Hossein Ataee design_document1.pdf
proposal1.pdf
 Dr. Joy O'Keefe
# Team Members:
- Fiona Cashin (fcashin2)
- Olivia Guido (ojguido2)
- Rawda Abdeltawab (rawdaka2)



# Problem
Beekeepers must routinely monitor hive conditions to maintain healthy colonies. However, manually opening a hive significantly stresses the bees and disrupts their environment, and frequent disturbances can negatively affect bee behavior and productivity. On the other hand, insufficient monitoring can lead to swarming or freezing, resulting in the loss of an entire colony. Each lost colony can cost a beekeeper between $100 and $200. This highlights the need for a non-invasive solution for assessing the health of multiple hives, while minimizing stress on the bees. Although monitoring systems are available, they typically cost around $100 per hive, and many of the leading companies in this space are headquartered in Europe.



# Solution
The proposed solution is a portable device that enables beekeepers to monitor a colony’s health without opening the hive. A small sensor probe is inserted into the hive entrance to collect internal environmental data while the main unit remains outside. The device displays active sensor readings on an integrated screen and indicates whether hive conditions fall within acceptable ranges, such as temperatures between 70 and 97 degrees Fahrenheit. This approach minimizes hive disturbance while still providing essential health data including temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels.



# Solution Components
## Subsystem 1, Temperature and Humidity Monitoring
This subsystem measures the internal temperature and humidity of the beehive.

Maintaining proper temperature is critical for hive health, as bee eggs will not develop and adult bees may die if the internal temperature falls outside the range between 70 and 97 degrees Fahrenheit. Humidity levels must remain between 50 percent and 60 percent to allow nectar to dry into honey. Excess humidity can promote pest reproduction, while insufficient humidity can cause bee eggs to dehydrate.
The device will use a temperature and humidity sensor connected via a long cable, allowing the sensor to be inserted into the hive while the user holds the device externally. The sensor will interface with a microcontroller unit (MCU), which will process the data and display the readings on an LCD screen. The MCU will evaluate whether the temperature and humidity values fall within the acceptable ranges. If the readings are normal, the display will show “PASSED.” If any reading is outside the normal range, the display will show “FAILED.”
Components:
- Digital Temperature Humidity Sensor : HiLetgo DHT21
- Microcontroller Unit (MCU) : ESP32-C3-WROOM-02
- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) : B0DN9NMBFW (GODIYMODULES) or B0BWTFN9WF (Hosyond)



## Subsystem 2, Carbon Dioxide Monitoring
This subsystem measures the carbon dioxide concentration within the hive.
In a beehive, CO2 levels can be tolerated to a level of 8 percent, with higher levels indicating overcrowding and poor ventilation. The device will include a CO2 sensor connected via cable to the same MCU. The MCU will record the CO2 levels and display the results on the LED. As with the temperature and humidity subsystem, the MCU will determine whether the CO2 level is within the acceptable range and display “PASSED” or “FAILED” accordingly.
Components:
- CO2 Sensor : HiLetgo MHZ19
- Microcontroller Unit (MCU) : ESP32-C3-WROOM-02
- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) : B0DN9NMBFW (GODIYMODULES) or B0BWTFN9WF (Hosyond)



## Subsystem 3, Microcontroller and Logic
The microcontroller coordinates all the subsystems and implements a Finite State Machine (FSM).

The MCU runs embedded C firmware that defines an FSM with at least four states, including “Start”, “Reset”, “Testing”, and “Done”. During the “Testing” state, sensor data is acquired via the appropriate communication protocols. Once testing is complete, the collected data is displayed on the LCD, allowing the user to assess the overall health of the hive. The MCU compares the data with the specified range to determine if the data is within range. This will prompt either a passed or failed responses to be displayed on the device

Components:
-Microcontroller Unit (MCU) : ESP32- option could be Espressif ESP32-C3-WROOM-02 which has RISC-V 32 bit CPU, antenna built-in, bluetooth, WIFI
-Programming Interface: use USB to upload code. USB can either charge battery/upload code, Arduino IDE platform
-Rest Button: PTS645SL43-2 LFS, resting the data on LCD to test another hive
-Power ON Button: PTS645SL43-2 LFS
-Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): B0DN9NMBFW (GODIYMODULES) or B0BWTFN9WF (Hosyond)



# Criterion For Success
- The humidity sensor accurately measures humidity.
- The temperature sensor accurately measures temperature.
- The display correctly shows the measured temperature.
- The display correctly shows the measured humidity.
- The display turns on when the ON button is pressed.
- A Start screen is shown when the ON button is pressed.
- A Testing screen is shown after the Start screen.
- A Done screen is displayed when the ON button is pressed the second time.
- A Reset Screen is displayed when the reset button is pressed.
- The display correctly shows “PASSED” and “FAILED.”
- The display shows “PASSED” when all sensor readings are within normal ranges.
- The display shows “FAILED” when at least one sensor reading is outside the normal range.
- Final product tested on multiple hives.

Iron Man Mouse

Jeff Chang, Yayati Pahuja, Zhiyuan Yang

Featured Project

# Problem:

Being an ECE student means that there is a high chance we are gonna sit in front of a computer for the majority of the day, especially during COVID times. This situation may lead to neck and lower back issues due to a long time of sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it would be beneficial for us to get up and stretch for a while every now and then. However, exercising for a bit may distract us from working or studying and it might take some time to refocus. To control mice using our arm movements or hand gestures would be a way to enable us to get up and work at the same time. It is similar to the movie Iron Man when Tony Stark is working but without the hologram.

# Solution Overview:

The device would have a wrist band portion that acts as the tracker of the mouse pointer (implemented by accelerometer and perhaps optical sensors). A set of 3 finger cots with gyroscope or accelerometer are attached to the wrist band. These sensors as a whole would send data to a black box device (connected to the computer by USB) via bluetooth. The box would contain circuits to compute these translational/rotational data to imitate a mouse or trackpad movements with possible custom operation. Alternatively, we could have the wristband connected to a PC by bluetooth. In this case, a device driver on the OS is needed for the project to work.

# Solution Components:

Sensors (finger cots and wrist band):

1. 3-axis accelerometer attached to the wrist band portion of the device to collect translational movement (for mouse cursor tracking)

2. gyroscope attached to 3 finger cots portion to collect angular motion when user bend their fingers in different angles (for different clicking/zoom-in/etc operations)

3. (optional) optical sensors to help with accuracy if the accelerometer is not accurate enough. We could have infrared emitters set up around the screen and optical sensors on the wristband to help pinpoint cursor location.

4. (optional) flex sensors could also be used for finger cots to perform clicks in case the gyroscope proves to be inaccurate.

Power:

Lithium-ion battery with USB charging

Transmitter component:

1. A microcontroller to pre-process the data received from the 4 sensors. It can sort of integrate and synchronize the data before transmitting it.

2. A bluetooth chip that transmits the data to either the blackbox or the PC directly.

Receiver component:

1. Plan A: A box plugged into USB-A on PC. It has a bluetooth chip to receive data from the wristband, and a microcontroller to process the data into USB human interface device signals.

2. Plan B: the wristband is directly connected to the PC and we develop a device driver on the PC to process the data.

# Criterion for Success:

1. Basic Functionalities supported (left click, right click, scroll, cursor movement)

2. Advanced Functionalities supported(zoom in/out, custom operations eg. volume control)

3. Performance (accuracy & response time)

4. Physical qualities (easy to wear, durable, and battery life)