Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
15 SafeStep: Smart White Cane Attachment for Audio + Haptic Navigation and Emergency Alerts
 Abdulrahman Almana
Arsalan Ahmad
Eraad Ahmed
 Abdullah Alawad design_document1.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
proposal1.pdf
video
# TEAM: Abdulrahman Almana (aalmana2), Arsalan Ahmed (aahma22), Eraad Ahmed (eahme2)

# PROBLEM
White canes provide reliable obstacle detection, but they do not give route-level navigation to help a user reach a destination efficiently. This can make it harder for blind or low-vision users to travel independently in unfamiliar areas. In addition, audio-only directions are not always accessible for users who are deaf or hard of hearing, and if a user falls there is often no automatic way to notify others quickly, which can delay assistance.
# SOLUTION OVERVIEW
We propose a modular smart attachment that mounts onto a standard white cane to improve navigation and safety without replacing the cane’s core purpose. The attachment will connect via Bluetooth to a user’s phone and headphones to support clear spoken directions, and it will also provide vibration-based cues for users who need non-audio feedback. The attachment will include fall detection and a basic emergency alert workflow that sends an alert to a pre-set emergency contact with the user’s last known location.
# SOLUTION COMPONENTS
**SUBSYSTEM 1, CONNECTIVITY + CONTROL**

Handles Bluetooth pairing, basic user controls, and system logic.

Planned Components:

1-ESP32 (Bluetooth Low Energy) microcontroller, ESP32-WROOM-32

2-Power switch + SOS button + cancel button

3-LiPo battery + USB-C charging module

**SUBSYSTEM 2, NAVIGATION OUTPUT (AUDIO + HAPTICS)**

Supports spoken directions through headphones and vibration cues for users who need non-audio feedback.

Planned Components:

1-Bluetooth connection to smartphone (using standard maps app audio)

2-Vibration motor (coin vibration motor, 3V) + motor driver (DRV8833)

3-Optional buzzer for confirmations

**SUBSYSTEM 3, LOCAL SENSING (WHEN MAPS NOT AVAILABLE)**

Provides short-range obstacle warnings and basic direction/heading feedback when GPS/maps are unreliable.

Planned Components:

1-Long-range distance sensor (Benewake TFmini-S LiDAR) for obstacle proximity alerts

2-IMU (MPU-9250) for motion/heading estimation

**SUBSYSTEM 4, FALL DETECTION + EMERGENCY ALERTING**

Detects falls and triggers an emergency workflow through the phone without a custom app.

Planned Components:

1-IMU-based fall detection using MPU-9250 data

2-BLE trigger to phone using standard phone shortcut automation

3-Phone sends SMS/call to pre-set emergency contact with last known GPS location

# CRITERION FOR SUCCESS

1-The attachment pairs to a smartphone and maintains a Bluetooth connection within 10 meters indoors.

2-The vibration system supports at least four distinct cues (left, right, straight, arrival).

3-The distance sensor detects obstacles within 20 cm to 12 m and triggers a warning vibration within 1 second.

4-Fall detection triggers within 5 seconds of a staged fall-like event and provides a cancel window (ex: 10 seconds).

5-When a fall is confirmed or SOS is pressed, the phone successfully notifies a designated contact and shares location (through phone shortcut automation).

6-The battery supports at least 1 hour of continuous operation.

# ALTERNATIVES

1-Smartphone-only navigation: Works for audio, but does not provide haptics for deaf/hard-of-hearing users and is not cane-integrated.

2-Smartwatch fall detection: Helps with emergencies but does not guide navigation through the cane.

3-Dedicated smart cane products: Often expensive and replace the cane instead of adding a modular attachment.

4-Wearable navigation (smart glasses): Higher cost and complexity.

Tesla Coil Guitar Amp

David Mengel, Griffin Rzonca

Featured Project

# Tesla Coil Guitar Amp

Team Members:

* Griffin Rzonca (grzonca2)

* David Mengel (dmengel3)

# Problem:

Musicians are known for their affinity for flashy and creative displays and playing styles, especially during their live performances. One of the best ways to foster this creativity and allow artists to express themselves is a new type of amp that is both visually stunning and sonically interesting.

# Solution:

We propose a guitar amp that uses a Tesla coil to create a unique tone and dazzling visuals to go along with it. The amp will take the input from an electric guitar and use this to change the frequency of a tesla coil's sparks onto a grounding rod, creating a tone that matches that of the guitar.

# Solution Components:

## Audio Input and Frequency Processing -

This will convert the output of the guitar into a square wave to be fed as a driver for the tesla coil. This can be done using a network of op-amps. We will also use an LED and phototransistor to separate the user from the rest of the circuit, so that they have no direct connection to any high voltage circuitry. In order to operate our tesla coil, we need to drive it at its resonant frequency. Initial calculations and research have this value somewhere around 100kHz. The ESP32 microcontroller can create up to 40MHz, so we will use this to drive our circuit. In order to output different notes, we will use pulses of the resonant frequency, with the pulses at the frequency of the desired note.

## Solid-state switching -

We will use semiconductor switching rather than the comparably popular air-gap switching, as this poses less of a safety issue and is more reliable and modifiable. We will use a microcontroller, an ESP 32, to control an IR2110 gate driver IC and two to four IGBTs held high or low in order to complete the circuit as the coil triggers, acting in place of the air gap switch. These can all be included on our PCB.

## Power Supply -

We will use a 120V AC input to power the tesla coil and most likely a neon sign transformer if needed to step up the voltage to power our coil.

## Tesla Coil -

Consists of a few wire loops on the primary side and a 100-turn coil of copper wire in order to step up voltage for spark generation. Will also require a toroidal loop of PVC wrapped in aluminum foil in order to properly shape the electric field for optimal arcing. These pieces can be modular for easy storage and transport.

## Grounding rod -

All sparks will be directed onto a grounded metal rod 3-5cm from the coil. The rest of the circuit will use a separate neutral to further protect against damage. If underground cable concerns exist, we can call an Ameren inspector when we test the coil to mark any buried cables to ensure our grounding rod is placed in a safe location.

## Safety -

Tesla coils have been built for senior design in the past, and as noted by TAs, there are several safety precautions needed for this project to work. We reviewed guidelines from dozens of recorded tesla coil builds and determined the following precautions:

* The tesla coil will never be turned on indoors, it will be tested outside with multiple group members present using an outdoor wall outlet, with cones to create a circle of safety to keep bystanders away.

* We will keep everyone at least 10ft away while the coil is active.

* The voltage can reach up to 100kV (albeit low current) so all sparks will be directed onto a grounding rod 3-5cm away, as a general rule of thumb is each 30kV can bridge a 1cm gap.

* The power supply (120-240V) components will be built and tested in the power electronics lab.

* The coil will have an emergency stop button and a fuse at the power supply.

* The cable from the guitar will use a phototransistor so that the user is not connected to a circuit with any power electronics.

# Criterion for Success:

To consider this project successful, we would like to see:

* No safety violations or injuries.

* A tesla coil that produces small visible and audible 3-5cm sparks to our ground rod.

* The coil can play several different notes and tones.

* The coil can take input from the guitar and will play the corresponding notes.

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