Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
36 Bike Alert: Bike Lock with Real-Time Security Monitoring
David Youmaran
Diego Herrera
Kenny Kim
Aishee Mondal design_document1.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
grading_sheet1.pdf
photo1.jpeg
photo2.jpeg
presentation1.pdf
proposal1.pdf
video
# Bike Alert: Bike Lock with Real-Time Security Monitoring

## Team Members
- Diego Herrera (dherr4)
- Kenneth Kim (kk67)
- David Youmaran (dcy2)

# Problem
Bicycle theft remains a major issue, especially on campus. While traditional locks provide physical security, they fail to notify owners when tampering occurs, leaving bikes vulnerable. A security solution is needed—one that not only prevents unauthorized access but also alerts the owner in real time when theft attempts occur.

# Solution
The Bike Alert system is an advanced security attachment for standard bike locks, integrating multiple tamper-detection mechanisms with real-time notifications. The device will:
- Detect lock disengagement and unauthorized tampering using various sensors.
- Utilize an ESP32 microcontroller to process sensor data.
- Communicate alerts via Wi-Fi to a mobile app, notifying the user in real time.
- Feature a secondary locking mechanism (deadbolt) controlled by RFID for enhanced security.
- Be battery-powered and rechargeable to ensure long-lasting operation.

We acknowledge that previous attempts have been made to develop bike locking systems. However, most existing designs focus primarily on physical security without incorporating real-time alerts or secondary security measures. To our knowledge, no prior project has successfully implemented both mobile app notifications and an RFID-controlled deadbolt lock. Our design aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive security solution that enhances both theft prevention and user awareness.

# Solution Components

## Data Collection Subsystem (Tampering & Lock Disengagement Detection)
This subsystem monitors the lock and detects unauthorized access. It consists of:

- Hall-Effect Sensors for Lock and Case Monitoring
- Lock Disengagement Detection: A Hall-effect sensor and magnet will detect when the lock is disengaged. If the magnet moves past a predefined threshold, an alert is triggered.
- Case Tamper Detection: Inspired by [TI's application](https://www.ti.com/lit/ab/sboa514a/sboa514a.pdf), we will use a Hall-effect sensor positioned inside a 3D-printed enclosure to detect when the outer case is tampered with. A magnet embedded in the case ensures that when closed, the sensor detects a high flux density. If the case is opened/moved far enough, the decreasing flux density will trigger an alert.

- Spring-Based Adjustable Vibration Sensor
- Detects physical tampering such as cutting or shaking the lock.
- The adjustability allows fine-tuning of sensitivity to differentiate between minor disturbances and actual theft attempts.

- ESP32 Microcontroller
- Collects data from all sensors and sends it to the Wi-Fi-connected mobile app.

## Communication & Mobile App Subsystem
This subsystem enables real-time notifications and user interaction.

- ESP32-to-App Communication
- The ESP32 will transmit sensor data via Wi-Fi, using the campus network for connectivity.
- If an alert is triggered (lock disengagement, tampering detected), the app will receive a real-time notification.

- Mobile App Features
- Display current lock status.
- Send push notifications for tampering or disengagement events.
- Event log to track past security incidents.
- Allow the user to enable/disable monitoring modes manually (e.g., "In Use" vs. "Not In Use" mode).

## Secondary Security Subsystem (RFID Deadbolt Lock)
To add an additional layer of security, the system will include an RFID-controlled deadbolt locking mechanism.

- Purpose: Even if the main lock is broken, the deadbolt will prevent full disengagement of the bike lock.
- How it Works:
- The deadbolt is controlled via RFID authentication for convenient unlocking.
- A small, high-torque motor will drive the deadbolt mechanism.
- Requires a motor driver circuit and relay to switch power efficiently.

## Power Supply Subsystem
The system must support continuous operation, including sensor monitoring, Wi-Fi communication, and motor operation.

- Power Source: Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery.
- Battery Capacity Considerations:
- Must sustain ESP32 operation and Wi-Fi connectivity.
- Should provide enough power for motor-driven deadbolt activation.
- Efficient power management circuit to maximize battery life.

# Criterion For Success
- Reliable Detection – Sensors must accurately distinguish between normal activity and actual tampering.
- Alerts – Wi-Fi-enabled notifications must reach the user in real time.
- Secure Secondary Lock – The RFID-controlled deadbolt should prevent theft even if the primary lock is compromised.
- Battery Life – The system must operate for at least 48 hours per charge under normal conditions.

# Conclusion
The Bike Alert system offers an approach to bicycle security by combining tamper detection, real-time notifications, and an RFID-based secondary lock. This project integrates multiple subsystems into a compact, user-friendly solution that enhances traditional bike locks without compromising convenience or being overly expensive.

Musical Hand

Ramsey Foote, Thomas MacDonald, Michelle Zhang

Musical Hand

Featured Project

# Musical Hand

Team Members:

- Ramesey Foote (rgfoote2)

- Michelle Zhang (mz32)

- Thomas MacDonald (tcm5)

# Problem

Musical instruments come in all shapes and sizes; however, transporting instruments often involves bulky and heavy cases. Not only can transporting instruments be a hassle, but the initial purchase and maintenance of an instrument can be very expensive. We would like to solve this problem by creating an instrument that is lightweight, compact, and low maintenance.

# Solution

Our project involves a wearable system on the chest and both hands. The left hand will be used to dictate the pitches of three “strings” using relative angles between the palm and fingers. For example, from a flat horizontal hand a small dip in one finger is associated with a low frequency. A greater dip corresponds to a higher frequency pitch. The right hand will modulate the generated sound by adding effects such as vibrato through lateral motion. Finally, the brains of the project will be the central unit, a wearable, chest-mounted subsystem responsible for the audio synthesis and output.

Our solution would provide an instrument that is lightweight and easy to transport. We will be utilizing accelerometers instead of flex sensors to limit wear and tear, which would solve the issue of expensive maintenance typical of more physical synthesis methods.

# Solution Components

The overall solution has three subsystems; a right hand, left hand, and a central unit.

## Subsystem 1 - Left Hand

The left hand subsystem will use four digital accelerometers total: three on the fingers and one on the back of the hand. These sensors will be used to determine the angle between the back of the hand and each of the three fingers (ring, middle, and index) being used for synthesis. Each angle will correspond to an analog signal for pitch with a low frequency corresponding to a completely straight finger and a high frequency corresponding to a completely bent finger. To filter out AC noise, bypass capacitors and possibly resistors will be used when sending the accelerometer signals to the central unit.

## Subsystem 2 - Right Hand

The right subsystem will use one accelerometer to determine the broad movement of the hand. This information will be used to determine how much of a vibrato there is in the output sound. This system will need the accelerometer, bypass capacitors (.1uF), and possibly some resistors if they are needed for the communication scheme used (SPI or I2C).

## Subsystem 3 - Central Unit

The central subsystem utilizes data from the gloves to determine and generate the correct audio. To do this, two microcontrollers from the STM32F3 series will be used. The left and right hand subunits will be connected to the central unit through cabling. One of the microcontrollers will receive information from the sensors on both gloves and use it to calculate the correct frequencies. The other microcontroller uses these frequencies to generate the actual audio. The use of two separate microcontrollers allows for the logic to take longer, accounting for slower human response time, while meeting needs for quicker audio updates. At the output, there will be a second order multiple feedback filter. This will get rid of any switching noise while also allowing us to set a gain. This will be done using an LM358 Op amp along with the necessary resistors and capacitors to generate the filter and gain. This output will then go to an audio jack that will go to a speaker. In addition, bypass capacitors, pull up resistors, pull down resistors, and the necessary programming circuits will be implemented on this board.

# Criterion For Success

The minimum viable product will consist of two wearable gloves and a central unit that will be connected together via cords. The user will be able to adjust three separate notes that will be played simultaneously using the left hand, and will be able to apply a sound effect using the right hand. The output audio should be able to be heard audibly from a speaker.

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