Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
27 Team Heart Restart
 Brian Chiang
Ethan Moraleda
Will Mendez
 Frey Zhao design_document1.pdf
final_paper1.pdf
presentation1.pdf
proposal1.pdf
video
Team Heart Restart

Team Members:
- William Mendez (wmendez2)
- Ethan Moraleda (ethannm2)
- Brian Chiang (brianc11)

Problem:

Research has found that defibrillators delivering a single shock have a lower survival rate (13.3%) compared to Double Sequential External Defibrillators (DSED), which achieve a survival rate of 30.4%. To deliver a double shock, two separate defibrillators are required. Since ambulances typically carry only one defibrillator/cardiac monitor, DSED is currently not feasible in the field. Current Defibrillators do not have impedance readings which limits their accessibility to different body types.

Solution:

Our solution is to create a singular device that can deliver two sequential shocks. As we now need a total of four pads to administer 2 consecutive shocks, we are now able to read the impedance of the patient, allowing us to calculate a more accurate time and power of the shocks to increase survivability.

Our first subsystem will be our custom PCB board. This board will contain 3 main elements: the electrocardiogram (EKG), the Impedance sensor, and the power supply. The EKG will be used to read the electric signals within the heart from the anterior-posterior (AP) and the anterior-lateral (AL) positions. This will utilize 4 hospital-grade electrode tabs as the sensors. These electrical signals will allow us to understand how the heart is functioning, and when we would initiate the sequential shocks. The impedance sensor will measure the body impedance of the patient. This measurement is essential as it is required to calculate how much power is needed behind each shock and the time between each shock. Different body types require different levels of power to reset their hearts. Lastly, the power supply will be used to supply power to the PCB board and our other subsystems.

Our Second subsystem will be an external microcontroller board. This microcontroller will be in charge of our inputs and outputs. Our three inputs are the EKG reading, the Impedance reading, and the start/stop button. Our output will be an HDMI display, which will display the heart rate and impedance in real time with high accuracy.


For safety and to keep the scope of the project realistic, we will be implementing only the EKG and impedance sensor. A future senior design project can implement our project into a full defibrillator device that can execute sequential shocks. We will be documenting our work to hand it off appropriately.



Solution Components

Subsystem 1 - Main board

Subsystem 1.1 - ECG (Amplifiers and Filters)
The electrocardiogram will comprise multiple filters, which can be built using breadboards and over-the-counter small electronic components. This filter will be placed on a PCB board, which will be connected to the microcontroller. The PCB will most likely have a differential amplifier, with a low-pass filter and a notch filter. This will eliminate a lot of noise and disregard all the higher frequencies that do not occur in the human body.

Subsystem 1.2 - Impedance sensor
High-pass filter: Based on previous research, higher frequencies are used to find the human body’s impedance, which means we will need a high-pass filter to filter out the lower frequencies.
Amplifier: Currents that are traveling through the body will be very sensitive and small. To combat this and make the readings readable, an amplifier will be needed.


Subsystem 1.3 - Power Supply
Power Supply: The Power Supply will take a Power output from a Battery and step it down to the voltages needed to supply the electrocardiogram, impedance sensor, and microcontroller. This will likely use LDOs and/or buck converters.

Subsystem 2 - Microcontroller board
This board will take in the outputs from the ECG, Impedance sensor, and power. The ECG and Impedance sensor readings will then be processed and converted to display to a separate screen.





Criterion For Success
Goal 1: Display heart rate via a graph in real time.
Goal 2: Display impedance readings via a graph in real time.
Goal 3: Design circuitry for EKG and Impedance and implement via PCB
Goal 4: Design a board that can step down power from a battery for EKG and Impedance circuitry
Goal 5: Utilize a microcontroller to process readings
Goal 6: Work with medical students/mentors
Goal 7: Document how to implement this project for future expansion.

STRE&M: Automated Urinalysis (Pitched Project)

Gage Gulley, Adrian Jimenez, Yichi Zhang

STRE&M: Automated Urinalysis (Pitched Project)

Featured Project

Team Members:

- Gage Gulley (ggulley2)

- Adrian Jimenez (adrianj2)

- Yichi Zhang (yichi7)

The STRE&M: Automated Urinalysis project was pitched by Mukul Govande and Ryan Monjazeb in conjunction with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine.

#Problem:

Urine tests are critical tools used in medicine to detect and manage chronic diseases. These tests are often over the span of 24 hours and require a patient to collect their own sample and return it to a lab. With this inconvenience in current procedures, many patients do not get tested often, which makes it difficult for care providers to catch illnesses quickly.

The tedious process of going to a lab for urinalysis creates a demand for an “all-in-one” automated system capable of performing this urinalysis, and this is where the STRE&M device comes in. The current prototype is capable of collecting a sample and pushing it to a viewing window. However, once it gets to the viewing window there is currently not an automated way to analyze the sample without manually looking through a microscope, which greatly reduces throughput. Our challenge is to find a way to automate the data collection from a sample and provide an interface for a medical professional to view the results.

# Solution

Our solution is to build an imaging system with integrated microscopy and absorption spectroscopy that is capable of transferring the captured images to a server. When the sample is collected through the initial prototype our device will magnify and capture the sample as well as utilize an absorbance sensor to identify and quantify the casts, bacteria, and cells that are in the sample. These images will then be transferred and uploaded to a server for analysis. We will then integrate our device into the existing prototype.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem1 (Light Source)

We will use a light source that can vary its wavelengths from 190-400 nm with a sampling interval of 5 nm to allow for spectroscopy analysis of the urine sample.

## Subsystem2 (Digital Microscope)

This subsystem will consist of a compact microscope with auto-focus, at least 100x magnification, and have a digital shutter trigger.

## Subsystem3 (Absorbance Sensor)

To get the spectroscopy analysis, we also need to have an absorbance sensor to collect the light that passes through the urine sample. Therefore, an absorbance sensor is installed right behind the light source to get the spectrum of the urine sample.

## Subsystem4 (Control Unit)

The control system will consist of a microcontroller. The microcontroller will be able to get data from the microscope and the absorbance sensor and send data to the server. We will also write code for the microcontroller to control the light source. ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 will be used as our microcontroller since it has a built-in WIFI module.

## Subsystem5 (Power system)

The power system is mainly used to power the microcontroller. A 9-V battery will be used to power the microcontroller.

# Criterion For Success

- The overall project can be integrated into the existing STRE&M prototype.

- There should be wireless transfer of images and data to a user-interface (either phone or computer) for interpretation

- The system should be housed in a water-resistant covering with dimensions less than 6 x 4 x 4 inches

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