Project

# Title Team Members TA Documents Sponsor
27 Team Heart Restart
 Brian Chiang
Ethan Moraleda
Will Mendez
 Frey Zhao proposal1.pdf
Team Heart Restart

Team Members:
- William Mendez (wmendez2)
- Ethan Moraleda (ethannm2)
- Brian Chiang (brianc11)

Problem:

Research has found that defibrillators delivering a single shock have a lower survival rate (13.3%) compared to Double Sequential External Defibrillators (DSED), which achieve a survival rate of 30.4%. To deliver a double shock, two separate defibrillators are required. Since ambulances typically carry only one defibrillator/cardiac monitor, DSED is currently not feasible in the field. Current Defibrillators do not have impedance readings which limits their accessibility to different body types.

Solution:

Our solution is to create a singular device that can deliver two sequential shocks. As we now need a total of four pads to administer 2 consecutive shocks, we are now able to read the impedance of the patient, allowing us to calculate a more accurate time and power of the shocks to increase survivability.

Our first subsystem will be our custom PCB board. This board will contain 3 main elements: the electrocardiogram (EKG), the Impedance sensor, and the power supply. The EKG will be used to read the electric signals within the heart from the anterior-posterior (AP) and the anterior-lateral (AL) positions. This will utilize 4 hospital-grade electrode tabs as the sensors. These electrical signals will allow us to understand how the heart is functioning, and when we would initiate the sequential shocks. The impedance sensor will measure the body impedance of the patient. This measurement is essential as it is required to calculate how much power is needed behind each shock and the time between each shock. Different body types require different levels of power to reset their hearts. Lastly, the power supply will be used to supply power to the PCB board and our other subsystems.

Our Second subsystem will be an external microcontroller board. This microcontroller will be in charge of our inputs and outputs. Our three inputs are the EKG reading, the Impedance reading, and the start/stop button. Our output will be an HDMI display, which will display the heart rate and impedance in real time with high accuracy.


For safety and to keep the scope of the project realistic, we will be implementing only the EKG and impedance sensor. A future senior design project can implement our project into a full defibrillator device that can execute sequential shocks. We will be documenting our work to hand it off appropriately.



Solution Components

Subsystem 1 - Main board

Subsystem 1.1 - ECG (Amplifiers and Filters)
The electrocardiogram will comprise multiple filters, which can be built using breadboards and over-the-counter small electronic components. This filter will be placed on a PCB board, which will be connected to the microcontroller. The PCB will most likely have a differential amplifier, with a low-pass filter and a notch filter. This will eliminate a lot of noise and disregard all the higher frequencies that do not occur in the human body.

Subsystem 1.2 - Impedance sensor
High-pass filter: Based on previous research, higher frequencies are used to find the human body’s impedance, which means we will need a high-pass filter to filter out the lower frequencies.
Amplifier: Currents that are traveling through the body will be very sensitive and small. To combat this and make the readings readable, an amplifier will be needed.


Subsystem 1.3 - Power Supply
Power Supply: The Power Supply will take a Power output from a Battery and step it down to the voltages needed to supply the electrocardiogram, impedance sensor, and microcontroller. This will likely use LDOs and/or buck converters.

Subsystem 2 - Microcontroller board
This board will take in the outputs from the ECG, Impedance sensor, and power. The ECG and Impedance sensor readings will then be processed and converted to display to a separate screen.





Criterion For Success
Goal 1: Display heart rate via a graph in real time.
Goal 2: Display impedance readings via a graph in real time.
Goal 3: Design circuitry for EKG and Impedance and implement via PCB
Goal 4: Design a board that can step down power from a battery for EKG and Impedance circuitry
Goal 5: Utilize a microcontroller to process readings
Goal 6: Work with medical students/mentors
Goal 7: Document how to implement this project for future expansion.

Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike

Will Chen, Eric Tang, Jiaming Xu

Featured Project

# Remotely Controlled Self-balancing Mini Bike

Team Members:

- Will Chen hongyuc5

- Jiaming Xu jx30

- Eric Tang leweit2

# Problem

Bike Share and scooter share have become more popular all over the world these years. This mode of travel is gradually gaining recognition and support. Champaign also has a company that provides this service called Veo. Short-distance traveling with shared bikes between school buildings and bus stops is convenient. However, since they will be randomly parked around the entire city when we need to use them, we often need to look for where the bike is parked and walk to the bike's location. Some of the potential solutions are not ideal, for example: collecting and redistributing all of the bikes once in a while is going to be costly and inefficient; using enough bikes to saturate the region is also very cost inefficient.

# Solution

We think the best way to solve the above problem is to create a self-balancing and moving bike, which users can call bikes to self-drive to their location. To make this solution possible we first need to design a bike that can self-balance. After that, we will add a remote control feature to control the bike movement. Considering the possibilities for demonstration are complicated for a real bike, we will design a scaled-down mini bicycle to apply our self-balancing and remote control functions.

# Solution Components

## Subsystem 1: Self-balancing part

The self-balancing subsystem is the most important component of this project: it will use one reaction wheel with a Brushless DC motor to balance the bike based on reading from the accelerometer.

MPU-6050 Accelerometer gyroscope sensor: it will measure the velocity, acceleration, orientation, and displacement of the object it attaches to, and, with this information, we could implement the corresponding control algorithm on the reaction wheel to balance the bike.

Brushless DC motor: it will be used to rotate the reaction wheel. BLDC motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors.

Reaction wheel: we will design the reaction wheel by ourselves in Solidworks, and ask the ECE machine shop to help us machine the metal part.

Battery: it will be used to power the BLDC motor for the reaction wheel, the stepper motor for steering, and another BLDC motor for movement. We are considering using an 11.1 Volt LiPo battery.

Processor: we will use STM32F103C8T6 as the brain for this project to complete the application of control algorithms and the coordination between various subsystems.

## Subsystem 2: Bike movement, steering, and remote control

This subsystem will accomplish bike movement and steering with remote control.

Servo motor for movement: it will be used to rotate one of the wheels to achieve bike movement. Servo motors tend to have better efficiency and speed control than other motors.

Stepper motor for steering: in general, stepper motors have better precision and provide higher torque at low speeds than other motors, which makes them perfect for steering the handlebar.

ESP32 2.4GHz Dual-Core WiFi Bluetooth Processor: it has both WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity so it could be used for receiving messages from remote controllers such as Xbox controllers or mobile phones.

## Subsystem 3: Bike structure design

We plan to design the bike frame structure with Solidworks and have it printed out with a 3D printer. At least one of our team members has previous experience in Solidworks and 3D printing, and we have access to a 3D printer.

3D Printed parts: we plan to use PETG material to print all the bike structure parts. PETG is known to be stronger, more durable, and more heat resistant than PLA.

PCB: The PCB will contain several parts mentioned above such as ESP32, MPU6050, STM32, motor driver chips, and other electronic components

## Bonus Subsystem4: Collision check and obstacle avoidance

To detect the obstacles, we are considering using ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04

or cameras such as the OV7725 Camera function with stm32 with an obstacle detection algorithm. Based on the messages received from these sensors, the bicycle could turn left or right to avoid.

# Criterion For Success

The bike could be self-balanced.

The bike could recover from small external disturbances and maintain self-balancing.

The bike movement and steering could be remotely controlled by the user.

Project Videos